Multiple users would have access to the same system in an enterprise system. However, individuals who share file access run the risk of disclosing sensitive information or losing data if other users get access to their files or directories. To solve this, Unix introduced file permissions in its built-in security features, which allows users to designate how much control they have over a particular file or directory. This assures that only authorized users may access, modify, or execute a file or directory.Ī Linux user's understanding of file ownership and permission is critical. A user account with root or sudo privileges.Ubuntu 20.04 or any other Linux-based distribution.This tutorial goes over multiple ways to view and change the file permissions, owners, and groups. Note: Even though the commands used in this tutorial are particular to the Ubuntu operating system, all of the approaches apply to any Linux-based machine. View File Permissions Through Graphical User Interface (GUI) Read, Write, and Execute are the three types of actions or privileges that can be assigned to any file.Īdditionally, these privileges are defined in three different categories.įile permission defines each category and lists down which privileges out of three are given to each category. To check the permissions of a file, right-click on the file in the file manager and open Properties from the dropdown. Once the Properties window is open, switch to the Permissions tab. View File Permissions Through the Command Line Now, you can see the owner, group, and others' permission separately.
You can check the file permission using the following list command. Ls –l Īs you can see, the permissions are listed down in a string format, which can be understood with the help of the following image. The key character meanings are as follows: The file type is depicted through the three variations, which are ( -), ( d), and (i), where ( -) means that the file is regular, ( d) means directory, and ( i) means that it is a link. Change File Permissions Through the Command Line If the character (-) is used instead of the above key characters, it means that permission is not granted.
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